Preconception care is generally considered to be a promising approach to optimize the health of both the future child and the mother through primary intervention. Preconception care entails risk assessment, health promotion, counselling, and intervention. Health promotion consists of informing and educating couples on a variety of health-promotion issues and measures, including periconceptional folic acid supplementation and risks related to lifestyle including the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, and the importance of proper nutrition. During this congress, the available evidence regarding several proposed components of preconception care will be discussed as well as different approaches to improve preconception health.